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NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER
Paul Kennedy, award-winning author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers and one of today’s most renowned historians, now provides a new and unique look at how World War II was won.�Engineers of Victory�is a fascinating nuts-and-bolts account of the strategic factors that led to Allied victory. Kennedy reveals how the leaders’ grand strategy was carried out by the ordinary soldiers, scientists, engineers, and businessmen responsible for realizing their commanders’ visions of success.
In January 1943, FDR and Churchill convened in Casablanca and established the Allied objectives for the war: to defeat the Nazi blitzkrieg; to control the Atlantic sea lanes and the air over western and central Europe; to take the fight to the European mainland; and to end Japan’s imperialism. Astonishingly, a little over a year later, these ambitious goals had nearly all been accomplished. With riveting, tactical detail,�Engineers of Victory�reveals how.
Kennedy recounts the inside stories of the invention of the cavity magnetron, a miniature radar “as small as a soup plate,” and the Hedgehog, a multi-headed grenade launcher that allowed the Allies to overcome the threat to their convoys crossing the Atlantic; the critical decision by engineers to install a super-charged Rolls-Royce engine in the P-51 Mustang, creating a fighter plane more powerful than the Luftwaffe’s; and the innovative use of pontoon bridges (made from rafts strung together) to help Russian troops cross rivers and elude the Nazi blitzkrieg. He takes readers behind the scenes, unveiling exactly how thousands of individual Allied planes and fighting ships were choreographed to collectively pull off the invasion of Normandy, and illuminating how crew chiefs perfected the high-flying and inaccessible B-29 Superfortress that would drop the atomic bombs on Japan.
The story of World War II is often told as a grand narrative, as if it were fought by supermen or decided by fate. Here Kennedy uncovers the real heroes of the war, highlighting for the first time the creative strategies, tactics, and organizational decisions that made the lofty Allied objectives into a successful reality. In an even more significant way,�Engineers of Victory�has another claim to our attention, for it restores “the middle level of war” to its rightful place in history.
Praise for Engineers of Victory
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“Superbly written and carefully documented . . . indispensable reading for anyone who seeks to understand how and why the Allies won.”—The Christian Science Monitor
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“An important contribution to our understanding of World War II . . . Like an engineer who pries open a pocket watch to reveal its inner mechanics, [Paul] Kennedy tells how little-known men and women at lower levels helped win the war.”—Michael Beschloss, The New York Times Book Review
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“Histories of World War II tend to concentrate on the leaders and generals at the top who make the big strategic decisions and on the lowly grunts at the bottom. . . . [Engineers of Victory] seeks to fill this gap in the historiography of World War II and does so triumphantly. . . . This book is a fine tribute.”—The Wall Street Journal
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“[Kennedy] colorfully and convincingly illustrates the ingenuity and persistence of a few men who made all the difference.”—The Washington Post
“This superb book is Kennedy’s best.”—Foreign Affairs
From the Hardcover edition.
- Sales Rank: #164547 in Books
- Published on: 2013-12-10
- Released on: 2013-12-10
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.18" h x 1.02" w x 5.49" l, .80 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 480 pages
From Booklist
There’s a simple explanation for the result of World War II: the Allies marshalled more military power than the Axis. While true, Professor Kennedy, the eminent author of many popular histories, would grade that explanation “incomplete.” He places a fuller interpretation on the chronological fulcrum of the global conflict, 1943, when Germany and Japan bestrode most of their conquered territories and seas, their armed forces battered but dangerous. For the Allies, someone had to devise applications of superior strength to numerous technical and strategic problems, and Kennedy elaborates five interlocking narratives of who these individuals were and what they did. Concerning amphibious landings, Kennedy elides pre-war planners of such operations with wartime designers of landing craft; ditto with theoreticians and practitioners of air power, supremacy in which was critical for the success of any invasion from sea. When Kennedy dwells on weapons like the P-51 fighter, the T-34 tank, or the Essex-class aircraft carrier, he treats them less as war-winning icons than as data for his ideas about running organizations, WWII being his case study. High authorial eminence ensures attention from the WWII readership. --Gilbert Taylor
Review
“Superbly written and carefully documented . . . indispensable reading for anyone who seeks to understand how and why the Allies won.”—The Christian Science Monitor
�
“An important contribution to our understanding of World War II . . . Like an engineer who pries open a pocket watch to reveal its inner mechanics, [Paul] Kennedy tells how little-known men and women at lower levels helped win the war.”—Michael Beschloss, The New York Times Book Review
�
“Histories of World War II tend to concentrate on the leaders and generals at the top who make the big strategic decisions and on the lowly grunts at the bottom. . . . [Engineers of Victory] seeks to fill this gap in the historiography of World War II and does so triumphantly. . . . This book is a fine tribute.”—The Wall Street Journal
�
“[Kennedy] colorfully and convincingly illustrates the ingenuity and persistence of a few men who made all the difference.”—The Washington Post
�
“Kennedy has produced a fresh perspective on the war, giving us not just another history of an overfamiliar conflict, but a manual of technical problem-solving, written in the clearest and most compelling style, that could still prove useful to modern management today.”—The Telegraph (UK)
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“This superb book is Kennedy’s best.”—Foreign Affairs
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“Paul Kennedy . . . has thus achieved a notable feat in bringing a large dose of common sense, historical insight and detailed knowledge to bear in his refreshing study of what might be called the material history of the second world war. . . . This material history of strategy asks the right questions, disposes of clich�s and gives rich accounts of neglected topics.”—Financial Times
“Paul Kennedy’s history of World War II is a demonstration not only of incisive analysis and mastery of subject, but of profound integrity, and a historian’s desire to celebrate not great leaders but the forgotten scientists, technicians, and logisticians who gave us the tactical edge, without which the strategic designs could never have been achieved.”—Robert D. Kaplan, author of The Revenge of Geography
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“Kennedy’s fine-grained analysis and suspicion of any one single cause—like cipher cracking, intelligence and deception operations, or specific weapons systems, like the Soviet T-34 tank—permit him to persuasively array his supporting facts. . . . An absorbing new approach to a well-worked field.”—Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
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“A fresh and stimulating approach.”—Publishers Weekly
From the Hardcover edition.
About the Author
Paul Kennedy is internationally known for his writings and commentaries on global political, economic, and strategic issues. He earned his B.A. at Newcastle University and his doctorate at the University of Oxford. Since 1983, he has been the Dilworth Professor of History and director of international security studies at Yale University. He is on the editorial board of numerous scholarly journals and writes for The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, The Atlantic, and many foreign-language newspapers and magazines. Kennedy is the author and editor of nineteen books, including The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, which has been translated into more than twenty languages, followed by Preparing for the Twenty-first Century (1993), and The Parliament of Man (2006).
Most helpful customer reviews
106 of 116 people found the following review helpful.
Well off the mark for genuine Scholarship
By Rich
I was quite anxious to read this book thinking it would be a good complement to "A War to Be Won" (Murray / Millett). As with all books, I reviewed the author's approach, adjusted to the writing style and settled in read and enjoy. The actual review of the Casablanca Conference was cursory; no new insights there. Maybe I missed something, but I let it ride. Then the errors appeared. At first I let them ride, but by 100 pages in, it was grossly apparent that major logical, factual and basic research errors were occurring with too much frequency. Out came the red pen...
Sadly it appears that little to no effort was made by the editor to do fact checking. And I don't mean obscure facts: simple dates - wrong (Verdun was 1916,not 1917), photo captions - wrong (its an Me262 Night Fighter (B1) not a Fighter-Bomber (A2), aircraft detail - wrong (Ju52s did not participate in the Battle of Britain as bombers). The author's analysis consists of very board generalization compiled to validate existence of "feedback loops" that result in statements of conjecture. The kind of writing that gets you an automatic C in college. You get the sense that the History Channel was the primary research base.
And yes there are typos in the text, at least I don't think 'amd' is a conjunction.
I am not quite finished with the book, but it's getting the red pen treatment here on out. If the author, editor or publisher wants notes, drop a line. But I doubt this book will see a second printing.
166 of 185 people found the following review helpful.
Badly Researched History
By Tech Historian
I must admit, I started with a bias predisposed to like this book. Yet I was profoundly disappointed - in some chapters the author simply failed do sufficient research, in others he simply got the facts wrongs (other reviews have pointed out that no, the Seabees didn't build the Mulberry Harbors.)
One of the main arguments of the book is that in five crucial areas (convoys, command of the air, Blitzkreieg, etc.) it wasn't just one event or one technology that solved the problem it was many. Yet in chapter 2, "How to Win the Command of the Air" the author says the air war over Europe was won by the P-51 Mustang and the Merlin engine. That is so profoundly wrong as to be embarrassing.
There's no doubt the P-51 Mustangs were a critical part of winning the air war. However, the reality is that British and American bombers were destroyed by both flak (anti-aircraft guns,) and fighters. Depending on the phase of the air war, more were lost to flak and at other times fighters.
By 1943 the German air defense system had evolved into an integrated electronic air defense network. It's early warning network consisted of 250 long-range radars and had feeds from German signal intelligence. There was a dense network of 1,000 short-range radars all feeding the equivalent of a modern air traffic control system. The air defense system controlled 15,000 radar-guided flak (anti-aircraft guns,) that used 5,000 radars. It also controlled all German fighters by vectoring them into the bomber streams using 1,500 Ground Controlled Intercept radars. And German night fighters who went after the British had onboard air-to-air radar.
The U.S. and British thought the best way to degrade the German Air Defense system was to jam and confuse it. The Americans set up an 800 person lab to do this - the Harvard Radio Research Lab. They developed chaff (mechanical means to confuse German radars) and electronic jammers - 24,000 of which were built and installed on American and British bombers. By the time the P-51 had come on the scene British and American planes were carrying advanced electronic warfare equipment to defeat and degrade the German air defense systems.
It's understandable that bomber crews seeing P-51's destroy enemy fighters became convinced this is how we won the air war over occupied Europe. In contrast, Jammers and chaff doing their job by making flak and air intercepts ineffective could only be understood via operational analysis (which showed that they did work.) The P-51's _were_ a crucial part of gaining air superiority over Europe. But to write a history of the air war over Germany claiming that they were _the_ reason is simply flawed history.
This just isn't a bad book, it does damage to the real history of World War II.
206 of 235 people found the following review helpful.
Some Bad History
By Ronald Drez
I was first moved to pick up this book by reading its review in The Wall Street Journal. That review raised my eyebrows since it referenced certain "facts" that were simply not true. I cannot comment on the "engineeering feats" relative to the other topics of the book like the aircraft or the tanks, but as the author of four books on the invasion of Normandy, I can speak to the subject of the artificial harbors called "Mulberry."
The WSJ reviewer wrote, "...CBs or "SeaBees" ...under Adm. Ben Moreell...built the vast Mulberry Harbors that were towed across the English Channel to the beachheads established in Normandy on D-Day." This stunning proclamation was bad history at its worst. American Seabees had no such role. This was a British venture that consumed the energy of more than 300 British companies and a consortium of close to thirty British engineering firms employing over 45,000 British workers. They were towed across by U.S. and British tugs and assembled at their two locations under the direction of the British Navy. The Seabees contribution was a few hectic days working to clear and grade Omaha Beach to receive the pontoon and trestle roadway that would dovetail into the existing French roads on June 10. By June 19, the Mulberry A at Omaha Beach was destroyed in a great storm.
But then, there was more distortion of the facts. The WSJ reviewer continued saying, "1.5 million Allied soldiers stepped ashore on them, which obviated the need to capture the heavily defended Norman port of Cherbourg."
In fact no Americans landed at Mulberry A at Omaha Beach, or at Mulberry B in the British Sector at Arromanche, and the British Army landed only 200,000 of its entire one million man force at Mulberry B. And as far as "obviating the need to capture...Cherbourg," the very first American objective, after securing the Utah beachhead, was to attack and seize Cherbourg, which they did twenty days after D-Day by attacking it from its vulnerable, undefended rear rather than from its impregnable front. Supply through Cherbourg became the lifeline for the Allied armies for the rest of the war.
Feeling certain that these observations could not possibly be the thoughts of the author, I perused the book only to find that they were. Bad history is always the result of bad research, and Kennedy's fact checkers and proof readers did him a great disservice even if the author was unknowing of the facts. They could have saved him embarrassment.
Thumbing through a bit more of the text brought little relief as I was next puzzled to see Kennedy challenge that Stalingrad and Midway were not the cataclysmic turning points of the war; and that he was further amazed that Tokyo gave up trying to sieze the Hawaiian Islands after the loss at Midway! He failed to answer the obvious questions, "How," and "With What?" This far-fetched idea most likely stems from his vision of WWII as a giagantic "chessboard." I was finally forced to put the book down when I saw that fellow Louisianian, General Claire Chennault, the leader of the famous Flying Tigers, was referred to as "Claude."
That many men of all stripes contributed to the war effort and its braintrust is a given, and a compelling history can be written about that subject, but it does not have to be embellished with bad history.
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